Brucelosis bovina y humana en el sur de México: una zoonosis desatendida / Bovine and human brucellosis in southern Mexico: a neglected zoonosis

Resumen La brucelosis es una zoonosis desatendida y un problema de salud pública en países en desarrollo, que también causa grandes pérdidas económicas en la ganadería. En México es endémica y Chiapas un estado al sur del país, destaca por la presencia de la enfermedad en humanos. Por medio de la revisión del estado del arte, se encontró que factores como la alta producción de ganado bovino, las limitadas estrategias institucionales de control de la enfermedad en el ganado, la falta de regulación sanitaria del género Brucella en productos lácteos y cárnicos y la ubicación del estado de Chiapas en la frontera con Centroamérica, podrían ser condicionantes para la prevalencia de brucelosis humana en esta región de México.

Abstract Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis and a public health problem in developing countries that also causes great economic losses in livestock. In Mexico it is endemic and Chiapas, a state in the south of the country, stands out for the presence of the disease in humans. Through the review of the state of the art it was found that factors such as the high production of cattle, the limited institutional strategies to control the disease in livestock, the lack of sanitary regulation of the genus Brucella in dairy and meat products and the location of the state of Chiapas on the border with Central America could be determining factors for the prevalence of human brucellosis in this region of Mexico.

Bitter gourd extract improves glucose homeostasis and lipid profile via enhancing insulin signaling in the liver and skeletal muscles of diabetic rats

Objective: To investigate the modulatory effects of bitter gourd extract on the insulin signaling pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle tissues of diabetic rats. Methods: The ethanolic extract of bitter gourd was prepared and its contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were assayed. A neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model was established and the diabetic rats were assigned into different groups and were treated with different doses of bitter gourd extract (100, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg) or with glibenclamide (0.1 mg/kg) for 30 d. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were evaluated and the insulin signaling pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle of rats was investigated. The correlations between homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and the components of insulin signaling pathway were also evaluated. Results: Different doses of bitter gourd extract significantly ameliorated fasting blood glucose level and HOMA index for insulin resistance. Moreover, bitter gourd extract increased serum insulin and improved disrupted serum lipid profile. The levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), p-insulin receptor β (p-IR-β), protein kinase C (PKC), GLUT2, and GLUT4 were improved by treatment with bitter gourd extract. The best results were obtained with 400 mg/kg dose of the extract, the effect of which was equivalent to that of glibenclamide. HOMA in the bitter gourd treated rats was negatively correlated with p-IR-β, IRS-1 and PKC in hepatic and skeletal muscle. HOMA was also negatively correlated with skeletal muscle GLUT4. Conclusions: Bitter gourd extract improves glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in diabetic rats via enhancement of insulin secretion and sensitivity. Therefore, bitter gourd can be used as a potential pharmacological agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Bitter gourd extract improves glucose homeostasis and lipid profile via enhancing insulin signaling in the liver and skeletal muscles of diabetic rats

Objective: To investigate the modulatory effects of bitter gourd extract on the insulin signaling pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle tissues of diabetic rats. Methods: The ethanolic extract of bitter gourd was prepared and its contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were assayed. A neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model was established and the diabetic rats were assigned into different groups and were treated with different doses of bitter gourd extract (100, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg) or with glibenclamide (0.1 mg/kg) for 30 d. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were evaluated and the insulin signaling pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle of rats was investigated. The correlations between homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and the components of insulin signaling pathway were also evaluated. Results: Different doses of bitter gourd extract significantly ameliorated fasting blood glucose level and HOMA index for insulin resistance. Moreover, bitter gourd extract increased serum insulin and improved disrupted serum lipid profile. The levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), p-insulin receptor β (p-IR-β), protein kinase C (PKC), GLUT2, and GLUT4 were improved by treatment with bitter gourd extract. The best results were obtained with 400 mg/kg dose of the extract, the effect of which was equivalent to that of glibenclamide. HOMA in the bitter gourd treated rats was negatively correlated with p-IR-β, IRS-1 and PKC in hepatic and skeletal muscle. HOMA was also negatively correlated with skeletal muscle GLUT4. Conclusions: Bitter gourd extract improves glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in diabetic rats via enhancement of insulin secretion and sensitivity. Therefore, bitter gourd can be used as a potential pharmacological agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Eficacia protectora de una vacuna inactivada contra el virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo tipo 2 preparada a partir de un aislado local en Egipto / Protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 prepared from a local isolate in Egypt

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is a contagious viral disease of rabbits controlled by vaccination. The present study was aimed to diagnose rabbit hemorrhagic disease from 11 infected farms from Qalubia governorate during 2019 and to prepare homologous vaccine against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2. For this purpose, 11 liver samples were collected from suspected cases and subjected to detection and identification of circulating rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. Ten samples were confirmed to be rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus using hemagglutination test, animal inoculation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of two isolates (R5&R6) revealed the presence of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (A/Qalubia/2019 and B/Qalubia/2019) under accession number MT07629 and MT067630 respectively. The inactivated rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus vaccines were prepared using Montanide ISA 206 oil or aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvants. Prepared vaccines were inoculated subcutaneously in susceptible rabbits and submitted to sterility, safety and potency tests. Obtained results showed that mean hemagglutination inhibition titer for aluminum hydroxide gel vaccine was 6,7.7,8.9 and 9.1 log2 while, Montanide vaccine reached to 6.7,8.7,9.2 and 9.5 log2 at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks post vaccination, respectively. Immunized rabbits with Montanide vaccine showed better protection reach to 70 percent, 90 percent percent, 100 percent and 100 percent when compared to aluminum hydroxide gel vaccine 60 percent, 70 percent, 90 percent and 90 percent at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks post vaccination respectively. It was concluded that newly emerged rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 was isolated from suspected cases. The two prepared vaccines were sterile, safe and potent. The oily adjuvanted rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 vaccine stimulated an earlier and higher humoral immune response than the aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvanted vaccine. This humoral immune response achieved significant level of protection(AU)

La enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo es una enfermedad viral contagiosa de los conejos que se controla mediante vacunación. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo en 11 granjas infectadas de la provincia de Qalubia, durante 2019 y preparar una vacuna homóloga contra el virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo tipo 2. Para este propósito, se recolectaron 11 muestras de hígado de casos sospechosos y se sometieron a detección e identificación de virus circulante de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo. Se confirmó que diez muestras eran positivas al virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo, utilizando para ello la prueba de hemaglutinación, inoculación en animales y Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa. La secuenciación y el análisis filogenético de dos aislamientos (R5 y R6) revelaron la presencia del virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo tipo 2 (A/Qalubia/2019 y B/Qalubia/2019) con los números de acceso MT07629 y MT067630 respectivamente. Las vacunas inactivadas del virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo se prepararon usando adyuvantes de gel de hidróxido de aluminio o aceite Montanide ISA 206. Las vacunas preparadas se inocularon por vía subcutánea en conejos susceptibles y se sometieron a pruebas de esterilidad, seguridad y potencia. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el título medio de inhibición de la hemaglutinación para la vacuna en gel de hidróxido de aluminio fue de 6; 7,7; 8,9 y 9,1 log2, mientras que la vacuna de Montanide alcanzó 6,7; 8,7; 9,2 y 9,5 log2 en la 1ª, 2ª, 3ª y 4ª semanas después de la vacunación, respectivamente. Los conejos inmunizados con la vacuna Montanide tuvieron una mejor protección, alcanzándose niveles de 70 por ciento, 90 por ciento, 100 por ciento y 100 por ciento en comparación con la vacuna en gel de hidróxido de aluminio 60 por ciento, 70 por ciento, 90 por ciento y 90 por ciento en la 1ª, 2ª, 3ª y 4ª semanas después de la vacunación, respectivamente. Se concluyó que el virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo tipo 2 de reciente aparición se aisló de los casos sospechosos. Las dos vacunas preparadas fueron estériles, seguras y potentes. La vacuna contra el virus de la enfermedad hemorrágica del conejo tipo 2 con adyuvante oleoso estimuló una respuesta inmune humoral más temprana y mayor que la vacuna con adyuvante en gel de hidróxido de aluminio. Esta respuesta inmune humoral confirió un nivel significativo de protección(AU)

Serum expression of microRNA-16 in a cohort of Egyptian patients with ulcerative colitis and its correlation with disease extent and severity / Expressão sérica do microRNA-16 em uma coorte de pacientes egípcios com colite ulcerosa e sua correlação com a extensão e gravidade da doença

Abstract Ulcerative colitis is one of the IBDs. Its etiology and pathogenesis remain undefined with an interaction between environmental, genetic and immunological factors is the most accepted explanation. Several recent studies have examined microRNA expression in the peripheral blood and tissues from IBD patients. The study aims at assessing the expression of serum miR-16 in ulcerative colitis patients and its correlation with disease extent, activity and severity. It included 30 treatment naïve ulcerative colitis patients of different presentations. Serum miR-16 expression was assessed using reverse transcriptase quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR), and then correlated with that of a group of 20 healthy subjects to assess its role in diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Also, it was correlated with disease extent (proctitis, left sided colitis, extensive colitis) and disease activity and severity indices (Truelove and Witts criteria, fecal calprotectin and UCEIS). Thirty ulcerative colitis patients were enrolled, 53% had mild, 37% had moderate, while 10% had severe disease. Concerning endoscopic extent, 8 had proctitis, 14 had left sided colitis and 8 had extensive colitis. Serum expression of miR-16 in the 30 patients were compared to that of the healthy control subjects. The patients' group showed median serum miR-16 expression of 1.91, 1.13 for the control group with a significant difference between both groups. Correlation between serum miR-16 expression with disease extent, activity and severity showed no significant relation. From the current study we can conclude that increased serum expression of miR-16 is associated with ulcerative colitis despite no significant relation to disease activity extent or severity.

Resumo A colite ulcerativa é uma das DII. Sua etiologia e patogênese permanecem indefinidas; a interação entre fatores ambientais, genéticos e imunológicos é a explicação mais aceita. Vários estudos recentes avaliaram a expressão de microRNA no sangue e tecidos periféricos em pacientes com DII. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a expressão do miR-16 sérico em pacientes com colite ulcerativa e sua correlação com a extensão, atividade e gravidade da doença. Foram incluídos 30 pacientes de colite ulcerativa, com diferentes apresentações, que ainda não haviam sido submetidos a nenhum tipo de tratamento. A expressão sérica de miR-16 foi avaliada usando transcrição reversa seguida de reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa (RT-qPCR) e, em seguida, correlacionada com a de um grupo de 20 indivíduos saudáveis para avaliar seu papel no diagnóstico de colite ulcerativa. Além disso, foi feita uma correlação com a extensão da doença (proctite, colite do lado esquerdo, colite extensa) e com os índices de atividade e gravidade da doença (critérios de Truelove e Witts, calprotectina fecal e UCEIS). Trinta pacientes com colite ulcerativa foram incluídos no estudo, classificada como leve em 53%, moderada em 37% e grave em 10%. Quanto à extensão endoscópica, oito apresentavam proctite, 14 apresentavam colite do lado esquerdo e oito apresentavam colite extensa. A expressão sérica de miR-16 nos 30 pacientes foi comparada à dos indivíduos controle saudáveis. No, grupo de pacientes, a expressão sérica de miR-16 foi de 1,91 (grupo controle: 1,13), uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos. Não foi observada relação significativa entre a expressão sérica de miR-16 e a extensão, atividade e gravidade da doença. A partir do presente estudo, pode-se concluir que o aumento da expressão sérica do miR-16 está associado à colite ulcerativa, apesar de não haver relação significativa com a extensão ou gravidade da atividade da doença.

Estimation of the prophylactic effect of the egyptian propolis extract against aluminum silicate toxicity on some organs of albino rats growth performance and histochemical studies

Background: the liver is a critical organ because it contains most of the accumulated metals where toxic effects can expected. Also, the lung is directly affected by receiving aluminum as aluminum silicate. Exposure of aluminum leads to production of free radicals that damage living organs and tissues. Aim of the work: this study aimed to evaluate the nucleic acid content in liver, lung and cerebellum tissues intoxicated by aluminum silicate (AlS) and the possible ameliorative effect of propolis extract (PP). Material and methods: Forty male albino rats (weighting 100-120 grams) were categorized randomly into four groups, ten rats on each group (n=10). The 1st group considered as the healthy control group. The 2nd group received 200 ml PP/kg b.wt., day after day by stomach gavage. The 3rd group was injected intraperitoneally by 20 mg AlS/kg b.wt., twice weekly. The 4th group was treated with AlS in addition to PP as the same doses as in the 2nd and 3rd groups. After two months for each group. Liver, lung and cerebellum organs were harvested. Results: decreased body weight gain of rats was realized with weakly stained nucleic acids contents in liver, lung and cerebellum tissues that intoxicated by AlS. While, using the supplemented treatment (PP) at the same time with the induction of AlS compound showed an ameliorative effect on the nucleic acid contents. Conclusion: propolis has anti-oxidant by inhibiting AlS toxicity on nucleic acids in the different experimental organs of rats

Obesity may be erythropoietin dose-saving in hemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND: In dialysis patients, the obesity-survival paradox still requires an explanation. Anemia and high doses of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are associated with worse outcomes in the hemodialysis (HD) population. In the present study, we explored the relation between obesity and anemia control in a sample of maintenance HD patients in Egypt. METHODS: This multicenter observational study included 733 patients on maintenance HD from 9 hemodialysis centers in Egypt. Clinical and laboratory data as well as average doses of ESAs and parenteral iron were recorded. The erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) was calculated. RESULTS: Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, was present in 22.6% of the studied population. The target hemoglobin level (10.0–11.5 g/dL) was achieved in 27.3% of non-obese and 25.3% of obese patients, with no significant difference. The median serum ferritin and the values of transferrin saturation index did not differ significantly between these two groups. The weekly ESA dose was significantly lower in obese than in non-obese patients (P = 0.0001). A trend toward higher ESA doses and ERI values was observed in patients with lower BMIs (P < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression revealed that the BMI and urea reduction ratio were the strongest predictors of the ERI. CONCLUSION: Our study adds more evidence to obesity-associated advantages in HD patients. BMI may determine ESA response, with better responses observed in patients with higher BMIs.

Phenotypic detection of efflux pumps in drug resistant Pseudomonas aeurginosa isolated from Suez Canal University Hospitals

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as one of the top five pathogens of nosocomial diseases worldwide. Infections caused by P. aeruginosa are often severe and life threatening and are difficult to treat because of the limited susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and the high frequency of emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy. What adds to the problem of P. aeruginosa nosocomial infections is the emergence of multi-drug resistant [MDR] strains that develop resistance by various mechanisms like multi drug resistance efflux pumps, production of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes and decrease outer membrane permeability. Efflux pumps contribute to multidrug resistance as they expel different types of antibiotics and chemicals

Objectives: Detection of the role of the efflux pump in multidrug resistant P. aeurginosa isolates from Suez Canal university hospital [SCUH] in Ismailia

Methodology: This study included 307 hospitalized patients of both sexes and from all age groups. A forty nine P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from blood, urine, sputum and pus. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by using disc diffusion method. For detection of the role of efflux pump in MDR, strains proved to be MDR were further tested by MIC [agar dilution susceptibility method] before and after addition of efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone [CCCP]

Results: The isolation rate of P. aeruginosa was 15.9% out of a total number of 307cases. The isolation rate was highest from cases in the ICU [26.5%], while it was lowest from internal medicine department [8.2%]. 57.1% of the isolates were multidrug resistant; the efflux pump mediated resistance was proved for ciprofloxacin and meropenem

Conclusion: Our study proved the role of efflux pump mechanism in mullti-drug resistance by P.aeruginosa isolates to ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Other studies proved the role of this mechanism in resistance to carbapenem, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacina and meropenem. Understanding the mechanisms by which these pumps act and how to overcome its activity opens the door for restoring the antibiotic activity and constitute a promising target for novel antibacterial agents

Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C: shear wave elastography and colour Doppler velocity profile technique versus liver biopsy

Background and study aims: Determination of the presence and degree of liver fibrosis is essential for the prognosis and treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Non-invasive methods of assessing fibrosis have been developed to reduce the need for biopsy. We determined the efficacy of shear wave elastography [SWE] and colour Doppler velocity as non-invasive methods for the assessment of liver fibrosis compared to liver biopsy among patients with chronic hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection

Patients and methods: In total, 117 patients with chronic HCV infection and 50 healthy age- and sexmatched control subjects were included. For each patient and control, abdominal ultrasonography, Doppler ultrasonography of the right portal vein [PV], and SWE were performed, whereas liver biopsy was performed for patients

Results: The mean value of the right PV maximum velocity was lower in patients with different stages of fibrosis than in controls [p < 0.001]. The mean value of liver stiffness determined by SWE was significantly higher in patients with different stages of fibrosis than in controls. Cutoff values for liver stiffness determined by SWE for assessing fibrosis stages were F2 >/= 4.815, F3 >/= 6.335, and F4 = 7.540 with a sensitivity of 84.6%, 96.2%, and 100.0%; specificity of 88.5%, 93.8%, and 100.0%; positive predictive value [PPV] of 93.6%, 98.0%, and 100.0%; negative predictive value [NPV] of 74.2%, 88.2%, and 100.0%; and overall accuracy of 85.9%, 95.6%, and 100.0% [area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.89, 0.96, and 1.0], respectively. Cutoff values for the right PV maximum velocity for assessing fibrosis stages were F2 < 23.4, F3 < 21, and F4 < 20 with a sensitivity of 65.0%, 57.4%, and 57.1%; specificity of 59.8%, 76.4%, and 75.5%; PPV of 33.8%, 58.3%, and 32.0%; NPV of 84.4%, 75.7%, and 89.7%; and overall accuracy of 61.1%, 69.5%, and 72.5% [AUC: 0.614, 0.696, and 0.625], respectively

Conclusion: SWE is effective for the non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with HCV infection. SWE provides a more accurate correlation with liver fibrosis stage than colour Doppler velocity profile for the assessment of liver fibrosis, especially in advanced stages [F3 and F4]

Herbal medicine use: knowledge and attitude in patients at tertiary care level in northern border region of kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: Herbal medicines are being widely used and likely to cause side effects and interactions with allopathic drugs

Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and use of herbal medicines among patients in the Northern Border Area of Saudi Arabia

Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out among 445 patients attending outpatient departments of tertiary care health units in Arar city of Saudi Arabia from 1[st] November 2015 to 31[st] March 2016. Besides demographic data, information regarding knowledge, attitude and use of herbal medicines was obtained using predesigned questionnaire. Response to various questions was analyzed with SPSS program version 16. Data was further analyzed by using chi-square test

Results: A significant percentage of patients were familiar with herbal medicine use [93.7 %]. Male patients has more knowledge of herbal medicines than females [P = 0.024]. High proportion of patients were personally using herbs [93.6 %], mostly in relatively lower income families. Almost 90% Physicians don't ask history of herbal medicines consumption. Only 5% of patients were taking herbal medicine prescribed by Hakeem [Authorized Physician]. Persons [parents and grandparents] were prescribing herbal medicines

Conclusion: The residents of Saudi Arabia [Northern Region, Arar] have shown high usage of herbal medicine, additionally its awareness was high

Types and microbiological spectrum of infections in patients with cirrhosis: a single-centre experience in Upper Egypt

Background and Study Aims: Egypt has a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus [HCV] and high morbidity and mortality related to cirrhosis complications. Patients with cirrhosis have an increased risk of bacterial infections. Approximately 25-35% of cirrhotics had infections at admission or during hospitalisation. Data on infection among cirrhotics in Egypt are limited. This study aimed to determine the frequency and microbiological spectrum of infections in cirrhotics and possible risk factors

Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. The frequency and microbiological spectrum of infections in cirrhotics were determined. The risk factors for infection were evaluated

Results: Of the 100 patients with liver cirrhosis, 61% had infection. Ascitic fluid infection [AFI] was the most common infection [44.3%], followed by urinary tract infection [UTI] [21.3%], respiratory tract infection [RTI] [19.7%], gastroenteritis [6.6%] and skin infection [4.9%]. The only risk factor for infection among cirrhotics was diabetes mellitus [DM] [p = 0.047]. The mean value of mid-arm muscle circumference was significantly lower in the infected group [p = 0.047]. Among all the cirrhotics, 32.0% had mild to moderate malnutrition and 52.0% had severe malnutrition. The frequency of infection was higher in severe malnutrition [71.2%]

Conclusions: The frequency of infections among cirrhotics was 61%. Many types of infections including AFI, RTI, UTI and skin infections were present in patients with liver cirrhosis, but AFI was the most common. DM was the only risk factor for infection, and independent predictors for infection were elevated WBC count and C-reactive proteinlevels. The frequency of infection was related to the degree of malnutrition

Vegetative growth, chemical composition, and flavonoids content of Azadirachta indica plants as affected by application of yeast natural extract.

This experiment was carried out during 2013 and 2104 seasons on Azadirachta indica plants at National Research Centre greenhouse, Egypt. Experiment studied the effect of foliar spraying plants with dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract at various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) on growth, pigments, NPK (%), total soluble sugars, indoles, phenols and flavonoids leaves contents. Results showed that spraying neem plants with yeast extract at 15% significantly increased growth parameters (plants height, stem and root fresh and dry weights) and enhanced total chlorophylla, phosphorus, potassium and total soluble sugars content. Using the concentration 5% of dry yeast extract gave the highest values of chlorophyll b, total carotenoids and total chlorophyll content. Nitrogen content was produced at the highest value (3.55%) in plants treated with dry yeast extract at 10%.The foliar application of yeast extract at 10, 15 and 20% resulted the highest values of total soluble phenols (72.48, 72.27 and 73.46 mg/g D.W., respectively). The highest flavonoids leave content (3.23 and 3.14 mg CE/g D.W.) were obtained when the dry yeast extract was used at 15 and 20%, respectively. On the other hand, all treatments had no significant effect on stem diameter, number of leaves /plant and root length.

In vitro effect against some types of cancer using turmeric powder

Tumeric is a perennial herb and member of Zingiberaceae [ ginger] family. The portion of the plant used as a yellow powder which is used as a flavor in many cuisines and as a traditional medicine to treat some diseases. In this study the cytotoxic activity of Turmeric against human liver tumor cell lines [HEPG2], colon carcinoma [HCT] and tumor breast carcinoma [MCF7] were evaluated. Total phenols contents [TPC] and fractionation of poly phenolic and flavonoids compounds in turmeric were determined. The scavenging effect of DPPH [2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl] radicals was evaluated. The organoleptic properties of wheat pie was tested with different levels [0%,5%,10% and 15%] of tumeric powder. The results showed that turmeric exhibited an efficient cytotoxicity against HEPG2, MCF7 and HCT carcinoma cell lines ; moreover turmeric extracts possess significant antioxidant properties and is rich in phenolic compound. Crust color in pie containing turmeric powder become darker, and it varied with increasing the quantity of turmeric powder. Substitution of wheat flour with 5% turmeric powder showed acceptable sensory scores comparable to wheat pie. Pie containing turmeric powder can be considered as a health-promoting functional food

protective effect of olive leaves extract or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on skin tissue damage induced in gamma irradiated rats

Aim of the work: This study aimed to examine the histological and histochemical changes in the skin tissue of male rats after exposure to gamma radiation and the possible therapeutic effect of either olive leaf extract or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Material and methods: The present study was applied on forty adult male albino rats [Sprague Dawely strain]. The rats were categorized equally into five groups [1-C group: control rats; 2- O group: rats treated with plant leaves extract [15 mg/kg b. wt. /daily]; 3-R group: rats exposed to a single dose of gamma-radiation [3 Gy]; 4-RO group: rats of this group treated with olive leaf extract 15 mg /kg b.wt./daily one week prior to irradiation and one week post irradiation; 5- RS group: rats of this group were irradiated with 3Gy then treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [3×106 cells / ml suspension] through the caudal vein about 5 hours post radiation exposure. Histopathological and some common histochemical changes were studied

Results: rats exposed to gamma radiation showed several histological and histochemical changes, these changes were improved by using either olive extract or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells [BMSCs] showed more obvious curative effect than olive leaf extract

Conclusion: the present work showed that both olive leaf extract and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have skin tissue radiotherapeutic effects against gamma radiation in male albino rats

Impact of circulating soluble CD40 concentration levels in patients with hematologic malignancies

The present study was carried on forty [40] diagnosed ALL [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia], CML [Chronic myeloid leukemia], AML [Acute myeloid leukemia] patients who attended Oncology Centre, Mansoura University. Their ages ranged from 3 to 77 years. They were 27 males and 13 female. Patients were followed up throughout the period of the study. All patients were subjected to the following: Detailed history, clinical examination and Laboratory investigations

Results: CD04 expression was not associated with any of the studied demographic, clinical or laboratory variables. No statistically significant associations were elicited between CD 04 expression and any of the studied prognostic factors of patients. However, a significant positive association was detected between patients who responded to chemotherapy and positive CD04L

Conclusion: CD04L is an independent prognostic factor for relapse free survival, and also an independent prognostic factor for the prediction of good response to chemotherapy, since CD04L positive patients are more liable to achieve complete remission, while CD 04 negative ones are more susceptible to death chemotherapeutic resistance

Wandering spleen in the pelvic region in an adult man with symptoms of acute abdomen

Wandering or ectopic spleen is a condition characterised by migration of spleen in the abdomen or pelvis. This anomaly is rare, with a reported incidence of <0.2%. It occurs mostly in women between 20 and 40 years of age. Clinical diagnosis is difficult because of lack of precise signs, symptoms, and nonspecific laboratory data. Diagnosis of a wandering spleen highly depends on the results of imaging studies such as abdominal ultrasound and abdominopelvic computed tomography [CT] scanning. Treatment includes surgery with the choice between splenopexy in a noninfarcted spleen and splenectomy when infarction has occurred. We report a rare case of wandering spleen in a 27-year-old man with infarction due to torsion of its pedicle, which was diagnosed by CT and treated by splenectomy. Conclusion: Despite the rarity of wandering spleen, the possibility of torsion of its long pedicle with acute splenic infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen

prevalence and the determinants of musculoskeletal diseases in emiratis attending primary health care clinics in Dubai

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in the Emiratis attending primary health care [PHC] clinics in Dubai. The secondary objective was to study the relationship between age, gender, and body mass index [BMI] and rheumatic diseases in the general population

Methods: The Prevalence of Rheumatic Diseases and Osteoporosis [PRO] in Dubai study was a cross-sectional study, which randomly enrolled Emiratis' aged between 18-85 years old who attended one of 13 PHC clinics between 2 January 2009 and 31 December 2009. Demographic and health data for all participants was obtained via a questionnaire. Participants that indicated positive answers had their responses validated by a rheumatologist and underwent a thorough locomotor examination

Results: The study included 3,985 participants with a mean age of 42.1 +/- 15.8 years. The majority [77.4%] were female. Lower back pain was the most prevalent problem in our study population [32.9%]. Knee osteoarthritis [OA] was the most common form of arthritis seen in our cohort [25.8%]. Overall, the prevalence of inflammatory arthritis was 3.1%. Age and BMI were associated with increased risk of knee OA and lower back pain

Conclusions: Rheumatic diseases are quite common in Emirati patients attending PHC clinics. Lower back pain and knee OA were the most common musculoskeletal diseases seen in our cohort. There is a need for more populationbased studies in the Middle East to have a better understanding of the epidemiology of rheumatic diseases in this region

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in hemodialysis patients at JRMS

The aim of our study is to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in hemodialysis patients at Royal Medical Services hospitals in Jordan for May 2014. In addition, to find out the risk factors associated with these infections. This is a cross sectional study which was carried out in 7 dialysis units at Jordanian Royal Medical Services in Jordan In May 2014. The notes of patients on maintenance hemodialysis were reviewed and the patients were interviewed by the researchers to collect data regarding the serology status of these patients and potential risk factors which could be associated with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. A total of 712 patients were included in this study. Fifty six percent were males and their mean age was 48. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus was 7%. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus was 16.5%. Family history of hepatitis B infection and history of dialysis outside their specified units were found in 96% of patients with hepatitis B infection with a significant P- value <0.001, while history of hepatitis B vaccination was a strong protective factor against hepatitis B infection with a significant P- value of <0.001. Risk factors associated with hepatitis C infection were: age of the patient, duration of hemodialysis, dialysis outside, family history of hepatitis C, history of kidney transplant and dental procedures. Hepatitis B vaccination is of vital importance in prevention of hepatitis B infection in hemodialysis patients. Strict adherence to infection control guidelines as well as possible isolation of hepatitis C infected patients from other dialysis patients is essential to decrease the rate of hepatitis C and hepatitis B infections

[ effect of using self management skills in improving Childhood Bronchial asthma outcome]

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. It is the most common chronic lung disease in childhood

Aim: The study aimed to improve pediatric asthma outcome by using self management skills. Design: Quasi experimental was used in this study.

Setting: study was conducted in the pediatric chest out-patient clinic, medical and emergency pediatric unit, at Assuit University Children Hospital and health insurance in Assuit city

Sample: A convenient sample of 60 mothers of asthmatic children aged from 6 to 14 years from both sexs. Two tools were developed by the researcher

Tool one: Interview sheet: used in the study. Tool two: Observation check list for mothers and children

Result: showed that more than two thirds of mothers [66.7%] were housewives and came from rural areas. Males constituted [66.7].while [33.3%] were females. There were significant improvement in knowledge and practice of the mother and their children and improvement in children outcome by using self management skills after the program. Recommendation. Future studies are recommended that would focus on the prevalence of bronchial asthma, methods of prevention and risk factors in some other nearby communities in Assiut Governorate and periodical seminars in the village for the public about bronchial asthma by the directors of rural and urban health units shared with professors in medicine and nursing in the University